51. The main campus of EMORY UNIVERSITY, 

bounded principally by Oxford, North Decatur, Clifton, and Briarcliff Rds., NE., covers more than 400 acres in the wooded, rolling residential section of Druid Hills. The 17 university buildings, constructed of varicolored Georgia marble in a simplified Italian Renaissance design, are grouped about the cleanly landscaped lawns of the main quadrangle and other cleared plots. On Fraternity Row, a circular drive west of these, are the handsome red-brick and white-brick houses of the 12 Greek letter fraternal organizations at Emory. Encircling these areas is a dense natural growth of pine and hardwood trees, brightened in spring by dogwood and flowering shrubs.

Although Emory is owned by the General Conference of the Methodist Church, it is nonsectarian in its administration. The university is made up of Emory College (the college of arts and sciences), the School of Business Administration, the Graduate School, the Candler School of Theology, the School of Medicine, the Lamar School of Law, the Library School, and the School of Nursing. The curriculum of the liberal arts college includes courses in journalism, education, fine arts, and chemical and electrical engineering. Except for the School of Nursing, the institution is primarily for men, but women are admitted to the graduate, theological, law, and library schools. The only women students in the undergraduate college of Emory are enrolled from Agnes Scott College in Decatur through a system permitting approved junior and senior students of either institution to register for courses given at the other. In addition to the schools on the Druid Hills campus, the university maintains the clinical division of the medical school in connection with Grady Hospital in downtown Atlanta, the Emory Junior Colleges in Valdosta and Oxford, Georgia, and the Emory University Academy, operated in conjunction with the Oxford institution.

As a whole, the institution has a faculty of more than 350, a student enrollment of more than 2,000, and an endowment and trust funds exceeding $6,000,000. Among the large donors have been Asa G. Candler, Sr., Samuel Candler Dobbs, and other members of the Candler family. In 1939 the institution was offered a $2,000,000 grant by the General Education Board of the Rockefeller Foundation with the provision that double that amount be raised by Emory. The purpose of the grant is to further co-operation with other institutions in the State and to develop a comprehensive program of higher education, especially on professional and graduate levels, and the completion of this program will strengthen the school materially.

Many extracurricular activities are carried on under the control of the Student Activities Council. The Emory Wheel provides weekly news of undergraduate enterprises, while the more literary Emory Phoenix presents articles and short stones by the students. The Emory Players produce each year a number of standard and original plays. Interscholastic debates are an important feature of university life, and in years past student debating teams have met others from the leading universities of the United States and England. Emory men do not participate in intercollegiate athletics. In accordance with an extensive program of physical training, the university emphasizes intramural sports and schedules contests between classes, schools, fraternities, and other groups.

The student organization that is best known off the campus is the Emory University Glee Club. Under the direction of Malcolm H. Dewey, who has been in charge since 1920, the mandolin clubs and jazz bands of former days have been superseded by a standard choral organization, which has attained a widespread reputation by making annual concert tours to the larger cities of the Eastern States. The singers have also appeared in Cuba (1923) and have made two European tours (1926 and 1928), including performances in English cities and in Amsterdam, Holland. President Calvin Coolidge attended the concert in Washington in 1925, and eight years later President Franklin D. Roosevelt heard the club sing on a program dedicating Georgia Hall at Warm Springs. The glee club is especially well known for its rendition of Negro spirituals and for its annual Christmas carol program, presented at Glenn Memorial Church in the dim light of burning tapers.

Two other important groups are the Emory University Orchestra and the Student Lecture Association. The orchestra, organized in 1921 and called the Little Symphony, annually presents several Sunday afternoon concerts of classical music. The lecture association offers to both the student body and the general public a series of lectures by celebrated men and women. The association occasionally sponsors a musical program, a monologuist, or a group of players.

At a session in Washington, Georgia, in 1834, the Georgia Methodist Conference was asked to aid Randolph-Macon College in Virginia. The only dissent came from "Uncle Allen" Turner, who stoutly insisted that Georgia Methodists needed a college of their own. Turner's suggestion was overruled, but the conference decided to establish an academy in which literary instruction would be supplemented by manual labor. As a result the Georgia Conference Manual Labor School was chartered on December 18, 1834, and was opened the following March on a large tract west of Covington. Students worked three hours a day on the farm, their pay, usually four cents an hour, being applied on their tuition. But the institution was burdened by constantly increasing indebtedness.

Meanwhile Ignatius Few, chairman of the board of trustees, was seriously considering a plan for expanding the manual labor school into an institution of higher learning. On January 18, 1836, he induced the conference to apply to the legislature for an extension of the charter for this purpose. Although a new charter was granted on December 19, 1836, the trustees of the academy became the trustees of the college, and some of the faculty members were later transferred. Emory College, named for Bishop John Emory of the Methodist Church, was opened with Ignatius Few as president in the fall of 1838 on land donated by the academy and for a time was conducted along the manual labor plan. Soon the institution owned 1,452 acres, ton which both the farm and the town of Oxford were laid out. Two years after the college was opened, its board of trustees closed the manual labor school and assumed its assets and liabilities.

Until 1914 Emory College was owned by the Georgia Methodists alone, but in that year it was taken over by the General Conference of the Methodist Episcopal Church, South, which was seeking to establish two universities, one west and one east of the Mississippi River. The educational commission appointed by that body then decided to accept the offer of $500,000 from the Atlanta Chamber of Commerce and a $1,000,000 endowment from Asa G. Candler, Sr., and to establish a university in Atlanta with Emory College as the school of liberal arts. The charter of Emory College was consequently extended to care for Carnegie Library in Atlanta until 193o, when it was transferred to the university campus. A college degree is required for admission.

The complicated story of the School of Medicine includes the histories of the Atlanta Medical College, the Southern Medical College, the Atlanta College of Physicians and Surgeons, and the Atlanta School of Medicine. The parent institution was the Atlanta Medical College, chartered in 1854 and opened the following year under the guidance of Dr. John G. Westmoreland. Dr. Alexander Means, a professor of chemistry at Emory College, Oxford, also taught at the medical school, and his merciless satire was influential in freeing Georgia medicine from superstition. A summer session held classes from May 1 to September 1 and continued to do so for many years. Students its functioning as a university. Bishop Warren A. Candler, a former president, became chancellor of the enlarged institution and directed its organization until his retirement in 1922. The office was then dis-qontinued and authority vested in the president.

The first division to be opened in Atlanta was the Candler School of Theology, named for Bishop Candler who had begun a preachers training course at Oxford in 1894. Hastily organized to receive students in the fall of 1914, this school held classes in the Wesley Memorial Church on Auburn Avenue until the first building on the campus was completed in 1916.

The subsequent development of the university was rapid. On June 28, 1915, the Druid Hills campus was acquired, and on the same day the trustees of the Atlanta Medical College deeded its property to Emory University to serve as a medical division. The Lamar School of Law, opened on the campus during the fall of the following year, introduced into Georgia the case study method of instruction and held a practice court twice a week. In 1919 the entire college was moved up from Oxford, and both the School of Business Administration and the Graduate School were founded. The School of Nursing, which had been established in Atlanta with Wesley Memorial Hospital in 1905, was moved with the hospital to the Emory campus in 1922, and three years later it too became a part of the university.

The youngest of the university divisions is the Library School, an outgrowth of an apprentice class formed in 1889 by Anne Wallace to train assistants to help her in the management of the newly organized Carnegie Library of Atlanta. The school, officially organized in 1905, when Andrew Carnegie provided $4,000 a year for its maintenance, offered a one-year course patterned after that of the Pratt Institute School of Library Science, and, since there were few library commissions in the South and no other library school in the State, the institution was an important factor in training assistants and planning buildings for many libraries throughout Georgia. The larger cities of several other Southern States also called upon its services. At first the institution was called the Southern Library School, but in 1907 it was incorporated as the Carnegie Library Training School of Atlanta. Although it became affiliated with Emory in 1925, it remained in the listened to five lectures daily and attended several clinics each week but failed to get adequate practical experience because bedside instruction was prohibited by the hospitals of the city. Since there was no law permitting medical schools to have unclaimed corpses, students and teachers alike had many exciting experiences obtaining cadavers. One professor who had robbed a grave was overtaken by daylight before he could deposit his burden in the college building. Undaunted, he placed the body in a sitting position between himself and the driver of his vehicle and boldly rode along the street until he reached his destination.

Beginning with the term of 1862, the college was closed for three years, its building being used as a Confederate Army hospital. Dr. N. D'Alvigny, one of the medical instructors, was placed in charge of the hospital on the day when Atlanta was evacuated. As soon as he learned that this building was on the list of those to be burned by General Sherman's order, he formulated a plan to save the structure and plied his hospital attendants with liquor. On the night of the burning he approached a Union officer and angrily demanded if the hospital was to be burned before its inmates were removed. The official curtly replied that the wounded soldiers had been taken away and that the building would be destroyed immediately. The doctor thereupon led the way to the hospital, threw open the doors, and revealed the room where his attendants lay groaning amidst straw and kindling. He was given until morning to care for the men, but by that time the invading army had started southward and the period of danger had passed.

Although much of the equipment had been ruined during the war, the Atlanta Medical College continued as formerly from 1865 until 1878, when a group of doctors withdrew to form the Southern Medical College. This second institution advanced the quality of medical instruction by establishing the Providence Infirmary for clinical work, but after a period of 20 years it became evident that one institution would be stronger than two rival colleges. Committees worked out plans and on November 9, 1898, a charter was granted for the combined institution under the name of the Atlanta College of Physicians and Surgeons. The school prospered and strengthened its dental and pharmaceutical department, but it was not long before another group became dissatisfied with its administration. The result was a second offspring, opened in 1905 and called the Atlanta School of Medicine. Soon this college had its own hospital and offered increased, facilities for practical demonstrations. During the ensuing year both institutions struggled hard to meet the rising standards of medical education and in 1913 decided to unite. The single institution, again called the Atlanta Medical College, functioned as such until 1915, when its trustees sought affiliation with Emory and decided to accept the university's offer to appropriate a $250,000 endowment and to build a hospital for more adequate teaching facilities. Since then the medical college has been the Emory University School of Medicine.

At the rear of Glenn Memorial is the Church School Building, designed by the same architects and completed in 1940. In addition to well-appointed classrooms, offices, assembly halls, and lounges, there is a small chapel inspired by the church of Saint Stephen Walbrook, London, designed by Christopher Wren. The room is given its decided character by the plaster ornamentation of the domed ceiling and the delicate carving of the oak doorway and altar. The chapel has become popular with Emory alumni and others for small weddings. The left side of the Church School Building forms the background of an amphitheater with sodded terraces and a rostrum for outdoor services. The bright green of the terrace is emphasized by the dark boxwood borders.

The Lamar School of Law Building, east side of quadrangle, is a two-story pink-marble edifice with recessed arched entrances rising almost to its red-tiled roof. The structure is one of the first buildings erected on the campus in 1916 from the designs of Henry Hornbostel of New York. In the white marble lobby is a bronze bust of Judge John S. Candler, benefactor of the school. Winding upward from the lobby past the large arched window is a marble stairway of such remarkable beauty that it is a favorite subject for photographers. The School of Law was named for Lucius Q.C. Lamar, an Emory alumnus of 1845 who pioneered in the case study method of instruction at the University of Mississippi in 1867 and who later served as United States Senator and as Associate Justice of the United States Supreme Court.

The Candler School of Theology Building, west side of quadrangle, similar in style to the law building, was also designed by Henry Hornbostel and constructed in 1916. In the white marble foyer is a bust of Bishop Warren A. Candler, for whom the School of Theology was named, and at the rear are glass doors, which open into a pink-marble chapel with a high red-pine wainscot. This small room, used for daily religious worship, is given an appearance of spaciousness by its high ceiling. The wall sconces are shaded by pink-marble plaques bearing bronze reproductions of early Christian symbols.

The Wesley Museum (open Mon.-Fri. 8-9 and Sat. 8-12 upon application to the librarian of the theological reading room), right of the theological school lobby, contains 2,615 books, a variety of documents, and many articles of historic interest to the Methodist Church. The museum takes its name from the numerous books and objects that concern John and Charles Wesley, the founders of Methodism. This Wesleyan collection, secured by Bishop Warren A. Candler, former chancellor of the university, and supplemented by Charles Howard Candler, is one of the most extensive and important in either America or England. Two of the most treasured possessions are a portrait of John Wesley, painted by Henry Eldridge when the noted divine was 88, and a prayer desk, made about 1740 and used by John Wesley while he was preaching to the miners of Wales. Among the objects of interest outside the Wesleyana are a roll of the Pentateuch, a collection of letters of early Methodist ministers in the United States, and a chair used by Bishop Francis Asbury when he held conference in Chester, South Carolina.

The Asa Griggs Candler Library (open Mon.-Fri. 8-9; Sat. 8-12), north end of quadrangle, is a white-marble building designed by Edward L. Tilton, of New York, in the characteristic architectural style of the campus. The structure, erected in 1926, houses more than 100,000 bound volumes and 60,000 unbound pamphlets, the principal part of the university collection. The books in the departmental reading rooms of the Schools of Law, Theology, and Medicine bring the total number of bound volumes up to 170,000. Among the excellent bibliographical resources in the main library is the card catalogue of the Library of Congress, and among the special collections are the Tracy W. McGregor Americana and the Keith M. Read Confederate manuscripts and printed sources. The Joel Chandler Harris Memorial Room contains the greater part of the manuscripts of the noted author of the Uncle Remus stories together with first editions and other literary relics. 

The Emory University Museum, a large room on the main floor of the Candler Library, contains several varied collections ranging from present-day natural history specimens to ancient coins, ornaments, and artifacts. The objects are displayed to emphasize the curios from Egypt, Babylon, and Palestine, including three mummies and reproductions of ancient monuments. This collection was begun in 1921 by the Reverend William A. Shelton, then a member of the Emoryfaculty, while he was on an archeological expedition with men from Chicago and Yale Universities.

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